Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is widely recognised for its hallmark symptoms: inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. However, many individuals with ADHD also experience challenges related to sensory processing. Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition where the brain has difficulty receiving and responding appropriately to information from the senses, leading to hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to stimuli like sounds, textures, or lights.
Research indicates a significant overlap between ADHD and SPD. A systematic review found that children with ADHD often exhibit more sensory processing problems than their typically developing peers. These sensory challenges can manifest as over-responsiveness (e.g., being easily overwhelmed by loud noises), under-responsiveness (e.g., not noticing sensory input that others do), or sensory-seeking behaviours (e.g., craving intense sensory experiences).
Differentiating between ADHD and SPD can be complex, as both conditions can present with similar behaviours, such as distractibility or difficulty with transitions. However, understanding the nuances is crucial for effective intervention. For instance, a child who is inattentive due to sensory overload may benefit more from sensory integration therapy than from traditional ADHD treatments.
Addressing sensory processing issues in individuals with ADHD involves creating supportive environments that accommodate sensory needs. This might include using noise-cancelling headphones, providing fidget tools, or establishing predictable routines. Occupational therapy can also play a vital role in helping individuals develop coping strategies and improve their sensory integration.
Recognising and addressing the sensory processing challenges associated with ADHD can lead to more comprehensive care and improved quality of life for those affected.
References and Further Reading:
- Ghanizadeh, A. (2011). Sensory Processing Problems in Children with ADHD, a Systematic Review. Psychiatry Investigation, 8(2), 89โ94.
- ADDitude Editors. (n.d.). Sensory Processing Disorder: Overview and Facts. ADDitude Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.additudemag.com/sensory-processing-disorder-overview-and-facts/
- Psych Central Staff. (2022). Is This ADHD or SPD (Sensory Processing Disorder)? Psych Central. Retrieved from https://psychcentral.com/adhd/adhd-vs-spd